When the filtering layer begins to clog need cleaning it, which happens every 4 to 6 weeks. The cleaning is manual and involves removing the first layer of sand, sand washing in separate tubs and in reconstruction of filter bed. Quick filters are the most used, particularly in combination with other treatments such as clarification (surface waters) and the removal of iron and manganese (deep waters), and can deal with an input flow rate 40 times higher than that of lens filters (survival water purification systems).
These sources of supply, due to specific characteristics of waters and / or the degree of pollution, must be subjected to cycles of treatments of filtration necessary to modify the characteristics and improve its quality. Often, this happens even for the deep waters with a high content of organic substances and a high microbial contamination, especially if they are present faecal bacteria (eg. Coliforms).
The filtration is carried out by passing the waters (from rivers or lakes) through various types of implants removal of organic and inorganic material. The removal methods used can be physical, chemical-physical and biological function of type of substances to be eliminated from waters entering the plant.
The filtering layer resting on a draining bottom, which has the function of: surface filters: filtration takes place through filter cloths which prevent the passage from the materials above the size of blind holes (not es.tessuto tissue; in this case the particles are retained on the surface of filter media forming a layer of material that retains the subsequent particles.
ants: the most used today are the polyelectrolytes. The agitation speed should be neither too low to prevent sedimentation of flakes, or too high to avoid breakage of flake. The slow agitation is achieved by use of mechanical mixers (dynamic system) or by placing a series of baffles in tank (static system).
Treatments: also divided into several phases, improve the organoleptic characteristics of waters (adsorption on activated carbon) and lower the content of dissolved solids (demineralization). The interventions of this type are provided, when necessary, upstream of treatment processes of filtration real, and allow the removal of materials and substances which by their nature and size are likely to damage the equipment and compromise the efficiency of subsequent treatment stages.
The 'sodium aluminate is very expensive and is also used in treatment of lime-soda softening species in case of high hardness and magnesium. In some waters, even with a strong dose of coagulant, are unable to develop a staple of suitable density. Inse cases, adjuvants are added to waters coagulation to promote the densification of micro-flakes.
The sedimentation is carried out in special tanks, called decanters, within which the waters moves in a laminar flow as possible for a time sufficient to allow the sedimentation of heavier particles. Decanters flow or vertical upward flow are generally circular section. Inse tanks the entrance of waters can be centrally from above; in this case waters, to be able to escape from the tank itself is forced along a tortuous path; in fact must first move vertically downwards in order to pass beneath a baffle concentric, said fireplace, subsequently, passed over the obstacle fireplace, must rise and exceed a weir located along the perimeter of tub.
These sources of supply, due to specific characteristics of waters and / or the degree of pollution, must be subjected to cycles of treatments of filtration necessary to modify the characteristics and improve its quality. Often, this happens even for the deep waters with a high content of organic substances and a high microbial contamination, especially if they are present faecal bacteria (eg. Coliforms).
The filtration is carried out by passing the waters (from rivers or lakes) through various types of implants removal of organic and inorganic material. The removal methods used can be physical, chemical-physical and biological function of type of substances to be eliminated from waters entering the plant.
The filtering layer resting on a draining bottom, which has the function of: surface filters: filtration takes place through filter cloths which prevent the passage from the materials above the size of blind holes (not es.tessuto tissue; in this case the particles are retained on the surface of filter media forming a layer of material that retains the subsequent particles.
ants: the most used today are the polyelectrolytes. The agitation speed should be neither too low to prevent sedimentation of flakes, or too high to avoid breakage of flake. The slow agitation is achieved by use of mechanical mixers (dynamic system) or by placing a series of baffles in tank (static system).
Treatments: also divided into several phases, improve the organoleptic characteristics of waters (adsorption on activated carbon) and lower the content of dissolved solids (demineralization). The interventions of this type are provided, when necessary, upstream of treatment processes of filtration real, and allow the removal of materials and substances which by their nature and size are likely to damage the equipment and compromise the efficiency of subsequent treatment stages.
The 'sodium aluminate is very expensive and is also used in treatment of lime-soda softening species in case of high hardness and magnesium. In some waters, even with a strong dose of coagulant, are unable to develop a staple of suitable density. Inse cases, adjuvants are added to waters coagulation to promote the densification of micro-flakes.
The sedimentation is carried out in special tanks, called decanters, within which the waters moves in a laminar flow as possible for a time sufficient to allow the sedimentation of heavier particles. Decanters flow or vertical upward flow are generally circular section. Inse tanks the entrance of waters can be centrally from above; in this case waters, to be able to escape from the tank itself is forced along a tortuous path; in fact must first move vertically downwards in order to pass beneath a baffle concentric, said fireplace, subsequently, passed over the obstacle fireplace, must rise and exceed a weir located along the perimeter of tub.
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